Reported Speech 2º BTO 1ª Parte: Statements

DIRECT SPEECH AND REPORTED SPEECH (ESTILO DIRECTO E INDIRECTO)

El estilo directo expresa las palabras textuales del hablante y se ponen entre comillas.
Ejplo: Juan dijo, 'Tengo un coche nuevo' (Juan said, ' I have got a new car')
El estilo indirecto se utiliza para contar lo que dijo Juan pero sin utilizar sus palabras textuales:
Ejplo: Juan dijo que tenía un coche nuevo (Juan said that he had a new car)(os recuerdo que el pasado de have / has got es had, sin got).

CAMBIOS AL PASAR DEL ESTILO DIRECTO AL INDIRECTO:
Simple Present → Simple Past

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Peter: ' I work in the garden.'	Peter said (that) he worked in the garden.

 Simple Past, Present Perfect, Past Perfect → Past Perfect

Past Perfect continuous → Past Perfect Continuous 

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Peter: ' I worked in the garden.'	Peter said (that) he had worked in the garden. Peter said (that) he had been working in a new project.
Peter: ' I have worked in the garden.'
Peter: ' I had worked in the garden.' Peter: ' I had been working in a new project'

Present Progressive/ Continuous → Past Progressive /Continuous 

To be (am / is / are) + going to  →  was / were going to

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Peter: ' I' m working in the garden.'	Peter said (that) he was working in the garden.
Peter: ' I'm going to make the bed'	Peter said (that) he was going to make the bed.

 Future simple: will / won't // Modal  Can / Could

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
Peter: ' I will work in the garden.' Peter: ' I won't  swim in this lake'	Peter said (that) he would work in the garden. Peter said (that) he wouldn't swim in that lake.
Peter: ' I can work in the garden.' Peter: ' I can't play tennis'.	Peter said (that) he could work in the garden. Peter said (that) he couldn't play tennis.

The Modal Verbs would, should, could, might, must  don't change in Reported Speech.

Advertencia: 

• Si el verbo que introduce el estilo indirecto (the reporting verb), está en presente, no se cambian los tiempos

         verbales en el estilo indirecto. Esto se aplica al Simple Present y al Present Perfect. 

EXAMPLES: 
Susan: ' Mary works in this office,'
Susan says that Mary works in that office.

The teacher: ' I'm not satisfied with your homework'

The teacher has said (that) she is not satisfied with my homework'

'How do you handle stress?'.

She wants to know how I handle stress.

Conversion of expressions of time and place

Direct Speech	Reported Speech
this evening	that evening
today	that day
these days	those days
now	then
a week ago	a week before
last weekend	the weekend before / the previous weekend
next week	the following week
tomorrow yesterday	the next/following day the day before
here	there  (place changes)

• Hay que prestar atención a las frases porque hay cambios de sujetos, pronombres demostrativos y                                        

adjetivos posesivos (personal pronouns, object pronouns, possessive adjectives)

Ejplo: Juan told Ana: 'I like your hair style'

Juan told Ana that he liked her new hair style.

Say / Tell

La diferencia consiste en que tell necesita llevar detrás un nombre propio o un pronombre
 personal objeto (complemento indirecto) y say va solo.

Ejplo: Juan told Ana that...

        Juan said that...

Pero si queremos utilizar say con una persona, debemos poner la partícula to: He said to me that ...