Gramática Unidad 3 1º ESO

THE SIMPLE PRESENT- EL PRESENTE SIMPLE
FORMAS:

AFIRMATIVA	NEGATIVA	INTERROGATIVA
I like maths	I do not (don´t) like maths	Do I like maths?Yes, I do No, I don´t
You like history	You don´t like history	Do you like history? Yes, I do // No, I don´t
He likes geography	He does not (doesn´t ) like geography	Does he like geography? Yes, he does/ No, he doesn´t
She likes natural science	She doesn´t like natural science	Does she like natural science? Yes, she does/ No, she doesn´t
It likes music	It doesn´t like music	Does it like music? Yes,it does / No, it doesn´t
We like art	We do not (don´t) like art	Do we like art? Yes, we do/ No, we don´t
You like ICT	You don´t like IVT	Do you like ICT? Yes, you do / No, you don´t
They like French	They don´t like French	Do they like French? Yes, they do / No, they don´t

• En el presente simple todas las personas se conjugan igual, excepto la tercera persona del singular (he, she, it).
• La mayoría de los verbos forman la tercera persona del singular del presente simple, añadiendo "s" al verbo: play-plays / want-wants / eat-eats/ think-thinks
• Los verbos acabados en -s, -x, -sh, -ch, forman la tercera persona del singular del presente añadiendo -es al verbo: Kiss-kisses (besar); fix-fixes (pegar); brush-brushes (cepillarse); catch-catches (agarrar).
• Los verbos go y do forman la tercera persona del singular añadiendo -es al verbo: go-goes/ do-does.
• Los verbos terminados en consonante + y cambian la -y por -i y se añade -es: carry-carries/ marry-marries/ hurry-hurries.
• Para preguntas más específicas introducimos un pronombre interrogativo siguiendo la estructura que encontramos a continuación: Wh question + Auxiliar verb (do/does) + Subject + Complements: Where do you live? (¿Dónde vives/vivís?; What do they do in the afternoon? (¿Qué hacen por las tardes?); How much money has she got? (¿Cuánto dinero tiene ella?); How many apples do you want? (¿Cuántas manzanas quieres?)

USOS:

1. Para hablar sobre gustos, lo que pensamos o lo que sentimos: I like English but I don´t like geography (Me gusta el inglés pero no me gusta la geografía)
2. Para hablar de un hecho o estado permanente : She lives in New York (Ella vive en NY);
3. Para hablar de hechos o verdades generales que siempre se cumplen: The river Thames is in England (El río Támesis está en Inglaterra)
4. Para hablar de acciones habituales : She walks to school with her sister(Ella va andando al colegio con su hermana).
5. Para hablar de horarios: Our train leaves at 6.0 0 am (Nuestro tren sale a las 6 en punto); This class doesn´t start at 8.30 pm (Esta clase no empieza a las 8.30); What time does the next bus arrive? (¿A qué hora llega el siguiente autobús?)
6. Para hablar de rutinas o de acciones habituales. En este caso se suele utilizar junto con los adverbios de frecuencia: always, usually, sometimes, never o expresiones adverbiales de frecuencia: twice a week, every day, etc. : I always drink coffee at breakfast (Yo siempre tomo café en el desayuno); What do you usually do in your free time? (¿Qué haces normalmente en tu tiempo libre?); I go to the gym twice a week (Voy al gimnasio dos veces por semana).

ADVERBIOS DE FRECUENCIA:

Adverbs of frequency

always, usually, regularly, normally, often, sometimes, occasionally, rarely, seldom, never are adverbs of frequency.

The position of these adverbs is:

before the main verb

		Adverb of frequency	Verb
I		always	get up	at 6.45.
Peter	can	usually	play	football on Sundays.
Mandy	has	sometimes	got	lots of homework.

after a form of to be am, are, is (was, were)

	Verb	Adverb of frequency
Susan	is	never	late.

The adverbs often, usually, sometimes and occasionally can go at the beginning of a sentence.
Sometimes I go swimming.
Often we surf the internet.

Somtimes these adverbs are put at the end of the sentence.
We read books occasionally.

Exercises:

Rewrite the complete sentence using the adverb in brackets in its correct position. Example: I play tennis on Sundays. (often) Answer: I often play tennis on Sundays.

1) He listens to the radio. (often) 2) They read a book. (sometimes) 3) Pete gets angry. (never) 4) Tom is very friendly. (usually) 5) I take sugar in my coffee. (sometimes) 6) Ramon and Frank are hungry. (often) 7) My grandmother goes for a walk in the evening. (always) 8) Walter helps his father in the kitchen. (usually) 9) They watch TV in the afternoon. (never) 10) Christine smokes. (never)

USE OF CAPITAL LETTERS: USO DE LAS MAYÚSCULAS:

Utilizamos letras mayúsculas:

• En la primera palabra de una oración
• El pronombre personal I (yo)
• Nombres propios de personas
• Nombres de lugares
• Días de la semana, meses del año, festividades
• Nombres de países y nacionalidades
• Abreviaturas de nombres específicos: UN (United Nations)
• Marcas registradas: Pepsi, Microsoft Word
• Períodos y eventos: Victorian Era, Great Depression